This particular combination, including the LMA outside the mouth, the end of the breathing circuit, the bacterial/humidification filter, and the elbow adapter added an additional 50 ml of dead space. The colored portion shows equipment dead space. The photo shows the end of an anesthesia breathing circuit I recently used. Usually equipment dead space is small compared to the total tidal volume, but not always. Your manually administered breath must include enough volume to cover this equipment dead space to avoid hypoventilation. for more on physiologic dead space see:Įquipment dead space includes the mask, the part of the endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask airway (LMA) outside the patient’s mouth, even the elbow on the endotracheal tube connecting it to the ventilation bag. Decreased cardiac output or decreased lung perfusion increases pulmonary dead space by diminishing pulmonary capillary blood flow. Physiologic dead space changes from minute to minute. In Physiologic dead space, lack of capillary flow at the time of measurement prevents gas exchange.
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